I was born near Saarbrucken, Germany in 1930, and after Kristallnacht shattered our lives, my brother and I were smuggled into France, eventually reaching America in 1941 having lost our father and been separated from our mother. I stayed with my aunt and uncle in Brooklyn until reunited with my mother who survived by passing as a gentile in Italy. I worked days and attended City College at night before building a successful accounting firm in Los Angeles. I built a loving family and retired to Santa Barbara, but my experience as a refugee greatly affected me – I always have one bag packed mentally. Come to Portraits of Survival to learn more.